My deepest condolences to anyone who has lost family or friends in these terrible fires . With a lot of debate about whether to stay to fight fires & try to protect your house , or to flee , I have to ask why houses in bushfire prone areas aren't built with an underground celler / bunker with insulated fireproof doors for emergency situations ? Houses in the USA that are in tornado affected areas , have these type of shelters to retreat to until the danger has passed .
With Royal commissions etc., all will be revealed as time passes, but I think some, if not many, houses that were lost, and lives inside them, were built or modified to the CSIRO's recommendations with independent power, water and pumping, and sprinklers on the roof etc. This was an exceptional fire.
My thinking is that in the future an underground bunker away from the house, so you don't get trapped by debris of the house, may be an answer. Dams and swimming pools also seem to be a refuge for personal survival provided you can protect the head from radiated heat. This is a consideration for me as a number of my rellies live in bush settings around Cessnock and I'm thinking of retiring to the same area.
I'll add my deepest condolences to all concerned. I'll be doing my little bit through donation.