Moto is correct w his pursang info (except the Mk8 M144 oversight)
However some 125 bottom ends can't take the 250 top end without opening the spigot in the crancases, but I think its only the early 125s (Sherpa S's etc). The 250 spigot is 80dia, whereas some 125s are only 75dia. However I just checked my Mk6 M100 barrell & crankcases & its 80mm.
There are definitely diff holes in the 125, 175 & 250 cranks to balance diff piston weights, as I have checked before. Not much diff between 125 & 175 but a fair bit between 125 & 250, as you would expect.
Altho the 325 uses same 60mm stroke it uses slightly larger dia crank halves & 20mm little-end (vs 16 for 125 & 250) & larger bigend (22 or 24mm IIRC vs 18 for 125 & early 250). Despite that, Bert Flood used to sell a kit to convert 125s all the way to 325s (still using the 125 rod!!) but its a LOT of work & not very effective. There's an article on it in an early Trail & Track.
Tony, you may remember Neil Harnsworth racing a SherpaS w such a conversion at the Six Mile track in Rocky back in the day. The conversion was done by Greg Day in Gladstone (to Floods instructions) where I used to work in the school holidays.
The std Mk6 125 was also 'strangled' w a 27mm carb, whereas the earlier 125 Buls had 30mm. Popular Cycling (PC) ran an article on modifying the Mk6 125 & they got over 20hp on the dyno from 7500 to 10,00rpm, peaking at 22hp. Pretty impressive. The changes weren't all that radical either. My friend in Bris had his barrel ported to the same specs on his Mk7 (same barrel) & won the Qld 125 VMX title on it several yrs ago. I rode it & it was pretty quick - comparable to an Elsie & much sweeter handling. He had a pipe built to the PC spec, but found a stock Mk6 pipe better than the PC or Mk7 pipes.
One thing to remember if you go the 250 top end route. Even tho the M100 had 4 transfers, it was a diff layout to the 250s 4 transfers. The M100s transfers are only about 27mm wide at base gasket/crankcases whereas the Mk6-8 etc 250s are 48/50mm. (IIRC, Mk6-8 all used same M103 Mk6 250 barrell. Moto could probably check that in parts books.) However all is not lost. The M100 125 crankcases have the larger castings to take the wider transfer ports, so they can be opened up w a dremel or die grinder.