Geoff, Great minds think alike - and apparently so do your's and mine.
I've been thinking about the technological advances made in
mainstream production bikes since 1970, how quickly they were adopted by other manufacturers/how long did it take before they made a worthwhile difference, and whether they were really a performance improvement (rather than a marketing gimmick)...
I've ignored anything that was tried and dropped (like boost bottles).
(And please don't turn this into a train-spotting exercise, arguing over whether the 1974 KX450 was mainstream or not)
In rough chronological order:
1970~74.
Reed valves.
6-speed gearbox (for 125s).
Plastic fuel tanks.
Single shock.
1975~79.
More than 4" travel rear.
More than 7" travel front.
Bigger diameter forks (goes hand-in-hand with longer forks).
1980~84.
Twin leader front drum brakes.
Plated cylinders (ignoring the earlier chrome bores).
Linkage rear suspension.
Water cooling.
Exhaust power valves.
Front disc brakes.
Safety seats.
Case reed intakes.
1985~90.
Rear discs.
USD forks.
Multi-stage power-valves.
1990~94.
Perimeter frames.
Long-stroke 2-stroke motors.
1995+.
Aluminium frames.
The modern 4-stroke.
Flat seats/foward handlebars.
Hydraulic clutches.
3D ignitions.
The interesting thing is that very few of those were clear improvements in their first year - and many of them were actually steps backwards for a while. Most of the remainder only made very minor improvements to performance.
Also worth noting that not every bike in the era got the improvement straight away, and often only a small number had it (eg: Only two bikes had an alloy frame in 1999).